KK Series — Career Development

NIH K99/R00 Grants — Pathway to Independence Award

Reviewed by Dr. Meng ZhaoLast reviewed June 9, 2026Data refreshed June 9, 2026Editorial standards

Postdoc → faculty transition (mentored K99 then independent R00)

Funding

K99: ~$90K–$130K/yr · R00: ~$249K/yr

Duration

K99: 1–2 years · R00: up to 3 years

Eligibility

Postdocs typically within 4 years of PhD

Activity code

K99 / R00

What is the NIH K99/R00 grant?

The K99/R00 — Pathway to Independence Award — is a two-phase grant designed to bridge the postdoc-to-faculty transition. The K99 phase (1–2 years) provides mentored research support while you are still a postdoc, and the R00 phase (up to 3 years) activates only after you accept a tenure-track or equivalent independent position. The R00 is portable: you bring it with you to your new institution.

Recent K99/R00 awards from NIH RePORTER

Examples of funded K99/R00 projects across the last two fiscal years. The matching-award count comes from the full result set; funding totals, averages, rankings, and examples use the first 500 records returned by NIH RePORTER. Figures reflect a snapshot last refreshed on June 9, 2026.

Matching awards (last 2 FYs)
2,299
Full matching record count on RePORTER
Sampled funding
$100.9M
Sum of award amounts in the sample
Average award
$202K
Mean award amount in the sample

Example K99/R00 projects from the sample

  • Epigenetic and genetic regulation of arsenic methylation and arsenic-relatedcardiovascular disease risk

    4R00ES035109-03
    Anne Bozack · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, NY · $248,999 · awarded Jun 5, 2026 · NIH

    SUMMARY In the United States, Native American communities face the greatest burden of chronic diseases among all ethnic groups and high rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. Elevated disease risk may be in part attributed to arsenic in drinking water, which is a key environmental risk factor among rural households that rely on…

  • Impact of DNA double-strand breaks on 3D genome organization and genome stability in Alzheimer's disease

    5R00AG073466-05
    Vishnu Dileep · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, TX · $249,000 · awarded Jun 5, 2026 · NIH

    PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The accumulation of DNA Double-Strand Breaks (DSBs) in neurons is an early hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Increased DSBs are also associated with aging, which is the largest risk factor for AD. AD is also a complex disease involving all major brain glial cell types. Thus, there is a critical need to understand the molecular…

  • Lipid peroxidation- and pyroptosis-induced tissue factor activation in pathogen-induced blood coagulation

    4R00HL166778-03
    Shabbir Ansari · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH CTR AT TYLER, TX · $249,000 · awarded Jun 3, 2026 · NIH

    Tissue factor (TF), the primary initiator of the blood coagulation cascade, is carefully regulated to prevent aberrant coagulation activation. However, pathological conditions including bacterial and viral infection induce intravascular TF expression and lead to thrombosis. As TF-induced thrombosis is a major cause of acute myocardial infarction, ischemic…

  • Elucidating Drug Interactomes for Cardiac Protection by SGLT2 Inhibitors

    5K99HL179400-02
    Arianne Caudal · STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CA · $131,085 · awarded Jun 3, 2026 · NIH

    PROJECT SUMMARY First designed to treat diabetes, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were used to prevent glucose reabsorption in the kidney. Recent clinical trials of SGLT2i further demonstrated an unexpected and substantial reduction in heart failure hospitalizations in patients with and without diabetes. Since SGLT2 is lowly expressed in…

  • The Impact of Social-Contextual Stressors on Psychopharmacological Mechanisms of Smoking Cessation and Relapse among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Young Adults who Smoke Cigarettes

    4R00DA060983-02
    Mariel Bello · MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA, SC · $249,000 · awarded Jun 1, 2026 · NIH

    PROJECT SUMMARY Socioeconomically disadvantaged young adults (SDYA) are at a disproportionately greater risk of tobacco- related illness and disease compared to non-disadvantaged young adults in the U.S. Given that quitting smoking before age 30 reduces almost all of the mortality associated with ever smoking, understanding predictors of smoking cessation…

  • Fast and Robust Distortion-Free Diffusion Weighted MRI for the Prostate

    1K99EB039095-01
    Jingjia Chen · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, NY · $114,562 · awarded May 27, 2026 · NIH

    Project Summary Prostate cancer affects 1 out 8 men and is the second deadly cancer in the United States. Accurate detection of clinically significant disease is essential for guiding treatment decisions. Diffusion-weighted Imaging(DWI) is a key component of multiparametric MRI for prostate cancer detection and risk stratification. However, current clinical…

  • Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia Neuropathologies and Exposures to Traffic Pollution Mixtures

    5R00AG086530-04
    Magali Blanco · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, WA · $248,834 · awarded May 26, 2026 · NIH

    PROJECT SUMMARY Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Related Dementias (ADRD) are a growing concern in our aging population. The identification of modifiable risk factors is critical. Growing evidence links ADRD to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), a complex mixture of gasses and particles that includes ultrafine particles (UFP, ≤ 100 nm diameter), black carbon…

  • Mechanisms that Enhance and Suppress HIV-1 Resistance in Gene Edited Primary Human Cells

    5R00HL172253-04
    Amanda Dudek · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, IA · $249,000 · awarded May 25, 2026 · NIH

    While there have been great advances in HIV therapies over the past decades, the only true cure so far has been through hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) of cells naturally lacking the HIV co-receptor CCR5. Due to the toxicity of conditioning regimens prior to HSCT and significant morbidity due to graft-verses-host disease (GVHD), allogeneic HSCT is…

  • Unraveling the Mechanisms of Opioid-Induced Airway Constriction: A Path towards Novel Therapeutics for Opioid Overdose

    5R00HL168211-04
    Nicholas Burgraff · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON, WI · $249,000 · awarded May 21, 2026 · NIH

    PROJECT SUMMARY This career development award will allow Dr. Nicholas Burgraff to establish an independent research career dedicated to understanding the neurophysiological control of airway function and its intricate interactions within neural networks that regulate respiration, with a pivotal focus on how various pharmaceuticals, notably opioids, can…

  • Synthetic Reconstruction of Human Chaperone Networks in Yeast Models of Neurodegeneration

    4R00AG075242-03
    Edward Barbieri · TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH, PA · $249,000 · awarded May 19, 2026 · NIH

    Project Summary In aging neurons, the accumulation of key misfolded proteins into aggregates is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases. For example, pathological forms of TDP43 become mislocalized to the cytoplasm and accumulate in aggregates in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and other Alzheimer Disease-related Dementias (ADRD). Highly intricate…

  • Study the impact of Bacterial Vaginosis toxins on mouse and human sperm function

    1K99HD122257-01
    Shweta Bhagwat · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, MO · $125,142 · awarded May 19, 2026 · NIH

    PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common, recurrent vaginal dysbiosis affecting nearly 30% of reproductive-aged women in the U.S. It involves a loss of protective Lactobacillus and an overgrowth of anaerobes such as Gardnerella and Prevotella, leading to elevated levels of BV-associated toxins with major implications for gynecological…

  • Menopause, hormone therapy and Alzheimer's disease clinicopathology: An in vivo perspective

    4R00AG083063-03
    Gillian Theresa Coughlan · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, MA · $249,000 · awarded May 19, 2026 · NIH

    PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT In the United States, approximately 6.2 million people live with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Postmenopausal women account for up to 70% of them. The overall goal of this proposed research is to elucidate the progressive pathophysiological mechanisms by which menopausal hormone therapy (HT) influences the risk…

Funding institutes in the sample

InstituteAwardsFunding
NIH500$100.9M

Most frequent institutions in the sample

  1. STANFORD UNIVERSITY 21 awards
  2. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO 18 awards
  3. MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL 15 awards
  4. UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER 15 awards
  5. UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON 14 awards
  6. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY 13 awards
  7. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO 11 awards
  8. DUKE UNIVERSITY 11 awards

Source: NIH RePORTER. Verify any award in the official record by searching its project number. See our data methodology for how this sample is built and its limitations.

Decision guide

Choose K99/R00 when

Choose K99/R00 if you're 2–4 years into your postdoc, have first-author publications, and plan to apply for tenure-track positions in the next 1–3 years. The K99 is essentially the strongest possible bridge to a faculty offer — many institutions actively recruit K99-funded postdocs.

Choose another mechanism when

If you've passed the eligibility window (>4 years post-PhD typically), you'll need to consider K01 or other career development awards.

Who applies for K99/R00

Postdoctoral fellows typically within 4 years of PhD (some FOAs allow up to 5 years; clinical exceptions exist). You apply during your postdoc, ideally in the second or third year. You must have a strong publication record from your PhD and postdoc and a clear independent research direction.

Compare nearby NIH grant mechanisms

Searchers often land on K99/R00 while deciding between adjacent NIH activity codes. Compare scope, NIH staff involvement, budget scale, and applicant stage before choosing a funding opportunity.

For broad grant lookup, use the NIH grant search to find funded examples by activity code, PI, institution, and award year.

Search tips for K99/R00

  • Filter recent K99 awards in PI Finder — these PIs are about to enter the faculty job market.
  • R00 activations are useful indicators of recent faculty hires at any institution.

Search NIH grants by activity code

Find K99/R00-funded PIs

K99/R00 funding trends

K99/R00 frequently asked questions

What is the K99/R00 eligibility window?

Most K99/R00 FOAs require you to be no more than 4 years past PhD/MD at the time of initial application (some institutes allow 5 years for clinicians). Check the specific FOA for your target institute.

What is the K99 success rate?

K99 success rates have ranged 25–35% in recent years across most institutes — substantially higher than R01. The selectivity is at the field level: getting the postdoc record to apply is the harder gate.

Can the R00 phase activate if I move to industry?

No. The R00 only activates if you accept a tenure-track or equivalent independent academic position. It cannot be used in industry.

How portable is the R00?

The R00 is fully portable — you can transfer it to any eligible US institution that offers you a qualifying independent position. This portability is one of K99's biggest advantages on the faculty job market.

Related NIH grant types